System phase
China capability yr 15
index (0–100)
US control intensity yr 15
index (0–100)
Allied alignment yr 15
China investment multiplier 6
US perception lag (yr) 2
US control response speed 5
Diplomatic friction 7
China actual capability
US control intensity
Perception gap (US overestimate)
Allied alignment

Why R2 is a ratchet, not a cycle

The perception gap mechanism

The US responds to China's semiconductor capability with a perception lag of 1–3 years (intelligence assessment cycles, declassification delays, analytical lag). This means US policy is always calibrated to capability that existed years ago.

The result: even a perfectly rational, proportionate US response looks like overcorrection from China's vantage point — because by the time the US responds, China has already moved beyond the capability level that triggered the response. This generates escalation without either side intending it.

Allied fragmentation as an amplifier

As US control intensity rises, allied alignment falls — ASML export control enforcement strains Dutch-US relations; Japanese SME controls create friction; Korean firms lobby against restrictions on their China revenue.

Below ~40% allied alignment, US controls begin to lose coalition effect — China sources restricted tools from non-compliant second-tier suppliers. This partially offsets US controls, frustrating their effectiveness, which in turn drives further US escalation. A secondary reinforcing loop within R2.

Scenario comparison

ScenarioChina capability yr 15US control intensity yr 15Allied alignment yr 15Assessment
Current trajectory~65~70~45%Contested phase. Highest instability window.
Negotiated ceiling~35~30~70%Only deflation scenario. Requires diplomatic breakthrough.
Crisis acceleration~85~95~25%Near-parity. Choke-point structural advantage erodes.
Full decoupling~80~100~20%Maximum tension. Two parallel ecosystems. Highest material price volatility.